This is surprisingly easy with Google Docs. You have a couple of options:
You can embed a publish Google Doc as a snippet of code into a webpage – not the best option from a web design perspective plus it’s trickier.
You can publish to the web and then put the link to the published Google Doc into a page/post on your website – quickest and easiest way to achieve this and plus it changes online if/when you change your published Google Doc.
Follow these steps:
Go to File > Publish to the web…
You have the choice of publishing as a link or to embed it – choose as a link.
Notice you can automatically publish changes to the document when you update the Google Doc, keep this checked.
Copy the link, then turn the words in your blog post or in your page on your website into a hyperlink.